Limites de Exposição à Radiação Eletromagnética
Documentos (recomendações, normas, entre outros) de diversas entidades internacionais acerca dos limites de exposição à radiação eletromagnética.
| Título | Recent Research on Mobile Telephony and Health Risks (Second annual report from SSI’s Independent Expert Group on Electromagnetic Fields) |
| Resumo | In this year’s report the IEG evaluates some recent data on ELF fields, but the major part of the report is about RF fields and in particular about recent epidemiological studies on disease risk in relation to mobile phone use. Intense research has been ongoing for several years and new results are presented regularly. Yet, the IEG is aware of a number of additional studies that will appear in the next couple of years, particularly from the Interphone study. Therefore it would still be premature to make final assessments, except in some restricted areas. The report also comments on some recent laboratory studies, including genotoxicity, e.g. studies within the REFLEX programme, and important attempts to replicate some earlier neurological findings that had been given considerable visibility. The WHO International EMF project has now been ongoing for ten years and we report on the conclusions from several workshops and environmental health criteria documents that have been produced by this programme. |
| Fonte | Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI) |
| Origem | Suécia |
| Autor/Editor | SSI’s Independent Expert Group on Electromagnetic Fields. |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Endereço | https://faqtos.pt /wp-content/uploads/2004/12/2004-12_SSI_DNR-2004-recent-research-on-mobile-telephony.pdf |
| Referência | Dnr 2004/3857-52 |
| Data | Dezembro 2004 |
| Título | Epidemiology of Health Effects of Radiofrequency Exposure |
| Resumo | The authors have undertaken a comprehensive review of epidemiologic studies about the effects of radiofrequency fields (RFs) on human health in order to summarize the current state of knowledge, explain the methodologic issues that are involved, and aid in the planning of future studies. There have been a large number of occupational studies over several decades, particularly on cancer,cardiovascular disease, adverse reproductive outcome, and cataract, in relation to RF exposure. More recently, there have been studies of residential exposure, mainly from radio and television transmitters, and especially focusing on leukemia. There have also been studies of mobile telephone users, particularly on brain tumors and less often on other cancers and on symptoms. Results of these studies to date give no consistent or convincing evidence of a causal relation between RF exposure and any adverse health effect. On the other hand, the studies have too many deficiencies to rule out an association. A key concern across all studies is the quality of assessment of RF exposure. Despite the ubiquity of new technologies using RFs, little is known about population exposure from RF sources and even less about the relative importance of different sources. Other cautions are that mobile phone studies to date have been able to address only relatively short lag periods, that almost no data are available on the consequences of childhood exposure, and that published data largely concentrate on a small number of outcomes, especially brain tumor and leukemia. |
| Fonte | International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) |
| Origem | Internacional |
| Autor/Editor | Standing Committee on Epidemiology: Ahlbom,A., Green,A., Kheifets,L., Savitz,D. and Swerdlow,A. |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Endereço | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /articles/PMC1253668/pdf/ehp0112-001741.pdf |
| Referência | Environmental Health Perspectives, volume 112:1741-1754 |
| Data | Setembro 2004 |
| Título | Mobile Phones and Health |
| Resumo | In May 2000 the Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones (IEGMP), chaired by Sir William Stewart, issued its report on mobile phones and health. The report reviewed epidemiological and experimental studies relevant to an assessment of health effects from exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation from the use of mobile phones. It also made a number of recommendations that were designed to address public health concerns and related issues. This 2004 report, by the Board of NRPB, provides further advice to address remaining public concerns about mobile phone technology as well as related technological developments. It also reviews progress on implementing the recommendations in the Stewart Report. |
| Fonte | National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) |
| Origem | Reino Unido |
| Autor/Editor | NRPB |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Endereço | https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk /ukgwa/20140714112740mp_/http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1194947333240 |
| Referência | NRPC, Vol. 15, No. 5 |
| Data | Janeiro 2004 |
| Título | Recent Advances in Research on Radiofrequency Fields and Health: 2001-2003 |
| Resumo | The widespread use of wireless telecommunications devices, particularly mobile phones, has resulted in increased human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields. Although national and international agencies have established safety guidelines for exposure to RF fields, concerns remain about the potential for adverse health outcomes to occur in relation to RF field exposure. The extensive literature on RF fields and health has been reviewed by a number of authorities, including the Royal Society of Canada (1999), the American Cancer Society (2001), the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (2001), the British Medical Association (2001), the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (2002), and the Health Council of the Netherlands (2002). This report provides an update on recent research results on the potential health risks of RF fields since the publication of the Royal Society of Canada report in 1999 (J. Toxicol. Env. Heal., B4, 1-143) and our previous 2001 update (J. Toxicol. Env. Heal., B4, 145-149), covering the period 2001-2003. The present report examines new data on dosimetry and exposure assessment, thermoregulation, biological effects such as enzyme induction, and toxicological effects, including genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and testicular and reproductive outcomes. Epidemiological studies of mobile phone users and occupationally exposed populations are examined, along with human and animal studies of neurological and behavioural effects. All of the authoritative reviews completed within the last two years have concluded that there is no clear evidence of adverse health effects associated with RF fields. At the same time, these same reviews support the need for further research to clarify the possible associations between RF fields and adverse health outcomes that have appeared in some reports. The results of the ongoing WHO study of mobile phones will provide important new information in this regard. |
| Fonte | Royal Society of Canada |
| Origem | Canadá |
| Autor/Editor | Royal Society of Canada |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Endereço | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17620203 |
| Referência | J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, Jun-Jul 2007;10(4):287-318. |
| Data | Janeiro 2004 |
| Título | Reviews of the effects of RF fields on various aspects of human health |
| Resumo | These review papers were commissioned by the IEEE ICES(International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety) Subcommittee 4 on radio frequency (RF) standards. The reviews survey the scientific background of the issue for members of the subcommittee, as it prepares a proposed revision of the standard for exposure of human beings to RF fields (IEEE C95.1-1991). |
| Fonte | Bioelectromagnetics |
| Origem | Internacional |
| Autor/Editor | Ben Greenebaum |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Endereço | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/1521186x/2003/24/S6 |
| Referência | Bioelectromagnetics, Volume 24, Issue S6 |
| Data | Novembro 2003 |