Exposição à Radiação Proveniente de Antenas de Estação Base
Documentação acerca da exposição à radiação eletromagnética proveniente das antenas de estação base. Inclui relatórios e artigos científicos tanto em português como em inglês produzidos por diversas entidades internacionais.
Equipamentos de medida da Exposição à Radiação Proveniente de Antenas de Terminais Base
| Título | A Practical Guide to the Determination of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields |
| Resumo | NCRP Report No. 119 is intended to constitute a compendium of general knowledge useful to those health and safety professionals concerned with evaluating radiofrequency hazards. It provides a comprehensive collection of information on various radiofrequency radiation sources and a straightforward “how to” guide for estimating the exposures associated with these sources. Major sections of the Report treat the following subjects: • basic concepts, including definitions of terms and units • procedures for evaluation of exposures • instruments and measurement techniques • recommended areas for further research and technical or engineering development Appendices provide a quick reference source for use in assessing the relative significance of exposures from various radiofrequency sources, including a description of methods for performing practical measurements and computations. Explicit examples of exposure surveys for selected common sources are provided. |
| Fonte | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) |
| Origem | Estados Unidos da América |
| Autor/Editor | NCRP |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível por encomenda |
| Link | ncrp |
| Referência | NCRP Report No. 119 |
| Data | Janeiro 1993 |
| Título | Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements |
| Resumo | When reporting the result of a measurement of a physical quantity, some quantitative indication of the result has to be given to assess its reliability and to allow comparisons to be made. The Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement establishes general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement that can be followed at many levels of accuracy and in many fields. |
| Fonte | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) / International Organization for Standardization (ISO) |
| Origem | Internacional |
| Autor/Editor | ISO/IEC |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível por encomenda |
| Link | iso.org |
| Referência | ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 |
| Data | Outubro 2008 |
| Título | IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields, 100 kHz–300 GHz |
| Resumo | Techniques and instrumentation for the measurement and computation of potentially hazardous electromagnetic (EM) fields both in the near field and the far field of the electromagnetic source are specified. The specifications previously set forth in IEEE Std C95.3-1991 are extended and combined. Leakage and near-field measurements and a description of the concepts, techniques, and instruments that can be applied to the measurement of specific absorption rate(SAR) or the electric field strength in organisms (including humans) and phantoms exposed to electromagnetic fields are included. Below 100 MHz, the current flowing through the body to ground is measurable and can be used to determine the SAR and, therefore, a brief treatment of lowfrequency body current measurement is included. |
| Fonte | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (ICES) |
| Origem | Estados Unidos da América |
| Autor/Editor | IEEE – ICES |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível por encomenda |
| Link | ieeexplore.ieee.org |
| Referência | IEEE Std. C95.3-2002 |
| Data | Dezembro 2002 |
Relatórios técnicos da Exposição à Radiação Proveniente de Antenas de Terminais Base
| Título | Telemóveis e os Jovens: Uma Perspetiva Continuada sobre Utilização e Preocupações |
| Resumo | Este relatório apresenta os resultados dos inquéritos realizados a estudantes do ensino secundário, de 2010/11 a 2019/20, relacionando os dados mais recentes com os dados dos períodos anteriores quanto à utilização de telemóveis e às questões das radiações. |
| Fonte | FAQTOS |
| Origem | Portugal |
| Autor/Editor | Ema Catarré, Luís M. Correia |
| Disponibilidade | Disponibilidade online |
| Link | Documento PDF |
| Referência | FAQtos_271_02_Ext_ResInq2020 |
| Data | Dezembro 2020 |
| Título | Telemóveis e os Jovens: Uma Perspetiva Continuada sobre Utilização e Preocupações |
| Resumo | Este relatório apresenta os resultados dos inquéritos realizados a estudantes do ensino secundário, de 2010/11 a 2017/18, relacionando os dados mais recentes com os dados dos períodos anteriores quanto à utilização de telemóveis e às questões das radiações. |
| Fonte | FAQTOS |
| Origem | Portugal |
| Autor/Editor | Ema Catarré, Luís M. Correia |
| Disponibilidade | Disponibilidade online |
| Link | Documento PDF |
| Referência | FAQtos_206_04_Ext_ResInq2018 |
| Data | Janeiro 2019 |
| Título | Telemóveis e os jovens: utilização e preocupações (2013/14) |
| Resumo | Neste relatório resumem-se os resultados dos inquéritos realizados junto dos estudantes durante o ano letivo 2013/2014 sempre que foram realizadas ações de divulgação do FAQtos em estabelecimentos de ensino, sendo os resultados também comparados com os de anos anteriores. Este estudo que começou ainda durante o Projecto monIT e tem como objetivos saber qual a perspetiva dos jovens sobre a temática das radiações eletromagnéticas, nomeadamente a nível do seu grau de preocupação e eventuais medidas de precaução que tomam quando usam o telemóvel, e avaliar os níveis de utilização dos telemóveis por parte dos jovens, e a sua variação com a idade e outros fatores socioeconómicos. No total foram realizados 597 inquéritos em 8 estabelecimento de ensino, a alunos do ensino secundário. |
| Fonte | FAQtos |
| Origem | Portugal |
| Autor/Editor | Daniel Sebastião, Mónica Branco, Carla Oliveira, Luís M. Correia |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Link | Documento PDF |
| Referência | FAQtos_092_04_Ext_ResInq2014 |
| Data | Novembro 2014 |
| Título | Telemóveis e os jovens: utilização e preocupações (2014/15) |
| Resumo | |
| Fonte | FAQtos |
| Origem | Portugal |
| Autor/Editor | Daniel Sebastião, Mónica Branco, Carla Oliveira, Luís M. Correia |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Link | Documento PDF |
| Referência | FAQtos_149_01_Ext_ResInq2015 |
| Data | Outubro 2015 |
| Título | Telemóveis e os Jovens: utilização e preocupações 2015/2016 |
| Resumo | Este relatório apresenta os resultados dos inquéritos realizados a estudantes de estabelecimentos de ensino secundário, em 2010/11, 2011/12, 2013/14, 2014/15 e 2015/16, e relaciona os dados mais recentes com os dados dos períodos anteriores quanto à utilização de telemóveis e às questões das radiações. |
| Fonte | FAQTOS |
| Origem | Portugal |
| Autor/Editor | Ema Catarré, Luís M. Correia |
| Disponibilidade | Disponibilidade online |
| Link | Documento PDF |
| Referência | FAQtos_168_02_Ext_ResInq2016 |
| Data | Janeiro 2017 |
Processos de Medida da Exposição à Radiação Proveniente de Antenas de Terminais Base
| Título | A Practical Guide to the Determination of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields |
| Resumo | NCRP Report No. 119 is intended to constitute a compendium of general knowledge useful to those health and safety professionals concerned with evaluating radiofrequency hazards. It provides a comprehensive collection of information on various radiofrequency radiation sources and a straightforward “how to” guide for estimating the exposures associated with these sources. Major sections of the Report treat the following subjects: • basic concepts, including definitions of terms and units • procedures for evaluation of exposures • instruments and measurement techniques • recommended areas for further research and technical or engineering development Appendices provide a quick reference source for use in assessing the relative significance of exposures from various radiofrequency sources, including a description of methods for performing practical measurements and computations. Explicit examples of exposure surveys for selected common sources are provided. |
| Fonte | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) |
| Origem | Estados Unidos da América |
| Autor/Editor | NCRP |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível por encomenda |
| Link | ncrp |
| Referência | NCRP Report No. 119 |
| Data | Janeiro 1993 |
| Título | Guidelines for the Measurement of Radiofrequency Fields at Frequencies from 3 kHz to 300 GHz |
| Resumo | This document outlines some principles and background information for the measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. It also provides a number of recommended measurement procedures for the different types of telecommunication services. The techniques for both the near field and far field measurements are based on the instrumentation that is currently available. The recommended procedures are not considered to be appropriate for the measurement of electromagnetic fields in the reactive near field region. |
| Fonte | Industry Canada |
| Origem | Canadá |
| Autor/Editor | Industry Canada |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Link | strategis.ic.gc.ca |
| Referência | |
| Data | Março 2015 |
| Título | IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields,100 kHz-300 GHz |
| Resumo | Techniques and instrumentation for the measurement and computation of potentially hazardous electromagnetic (EM) fields both in the near field and the far field of the electromagnetic source are specified. The specifications previously set forth in IEEE Std C95.3-1991 are extended and combined. Leakage and near-field measurements and a description of the concepts, techniques, and instruments that can be applied to the measurement of specific absorption rate (SAR) or the electric field strength in organisms (including humans) and phantoms exposed to electromagnetic fields are included. Below 100 MHz, the current flowing through the body to ground is measurable and can be used to determine the SAR and, therefore, a brief treatment of lowfrequency body current measurement is included. |
| Fonte | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (ICES) |
| Origem | Estados Unidos da América |
| Autor/Editor | IEEE – ICES |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível por encomenda |
| Link | ieeexplore.ieee.org |
| Referência | IEEE Std. C95.3-2002 |
| Data | Dezembro 2002 |
| Título | Measuring Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (9 kHz – 300 GHz) |
| Resumo | This Recommendation specifies in-situ measurement procedures in order to assess electromagnetic fields for the purpose of comparison against limits for human exposure applying in CEPT countries (e.g. EU 1999/519/EC,ICNIRP guidelines, national limits,…). It is important to note that this recommendation does not itself standardise or define exposure limits, or cover human exposure to radio signals. |
| Fonte | Electronic Communications Committee – European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (ECC-CEPT) |
| Origem | Internacional |
| Autor/Editor | Frequency Management Working Group (FM WG) |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Link | ero.dk |
| Referência | ECC/REC/(02)04 |
| Data | Outubro 2003 |
| Título | monIT Project – A Procedure for Measurement of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Presence of Multiple Base Stations |
| Resumo | This document describes the measurement procedure adopted by the monIT Project for monitoring electromagnetic radiation originated by multiple base stations from mobile communication systems. It specifies techniques for the measurement of electromagnetic fields in order to assess compliance with thresholds for human exposure. The overall procedure is based on the recommendation ECC/REC (02)04 from CEPT, which specifies a measurement method to assess electromagnetic radiation levels on the frequency band from 9 kHz to 300 GHz. A simple method for the selection of measurement points is also proposed. It was developed by the monIT Project team and consists in a several steps procedure, depending on the topology type of the surrounding antennas and on the number of transmitters. The proposed approach aims to be as practical as possible, allowing a systematic use of the method. |
| Fonte | COST 281 ‘Workshop on RF Exposure assessment’ , Paris, France on September 20-21, 2004 |
| Origem | Portugal |
| Autor/Editor | Luis M. Correia, Carlos Fernandes, Gonçalo Carpinteiro, Carla Oliveira |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Link | Documento PDF |
| Referência | MONIT_Ext_Tec_0147_03_COST281Paris |
| Data | Setembro 2004 |
| Título | A Practical Guide to the Determination of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields |
| Resumo | NCRP Report No. 119 is intended to constitute a compendium of general knowledge useful to those health and safety professionals concerned with evaluating radiofrequency hazards. It provides a comprehensive collection of information on various radiofrequency radiation sources and a straightforward “how to” guide for estimating the exposures associated with these sources. Major sections of the Report treat the following subjects: • basic concepts, including definitions of terms and units • procedures for evaluation of exposures • instruments and measurement techniques • recommended areas for further research and technical or engineering development Appendices provide a quick reference source for use in assessing the relative significance of exposures from various radiofrequency sources, including a description of methods for performing practical measurements and computations. Explicit examples of exposure surveys for selected common sources are provided. |
| Fonte | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) |
| Origem | Estados Unidos da América |
| Autor/Editor | NCRP |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível por encomenda |
| Link | ncrp |
| Referência | NCRP Report No. 119 |
| Data | Janeiro 1993 |
| Título | Guidelines for the Measurement of Radiofrequency Fields at Frequencies from 3 kHz to 300 GHz |
| Resumo | This document outlines some principles and background information for the measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. It also provides a number of recommended measurement procedures for the different types of telecommunication services. The techniques for both the near field and far field measurements are based on the instrumentation that is currently available. The recommended procedures are not considered to be appropriate for the measurement of electromagnetic fields in the reactive near field region. |
| Fonte | Industry Canada |
| Origem | Canadá |
| Autor/Editor | Industry Canada |
| Disponibilidade | Disponível online |
| Link | strategis.ic.gc.ca |
| Referência | |
| Data | Março 2015 |